 
Emperor
of France Napoleon I c One of the greatest military leaders
in history, and emperor of France he conquered much of Europe.
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 August 1769 in Corsica
into a gentry family. Educated at military school, he was
rapidly promoted and in 1796, was made commander of the
French army in Italy, where he forced Austria and its allies
to make peace. In 1798, Napoleon conquered Ottoman-ruled
Egypt in an attempt to strike at British trade routes with
India. He was stranded when his fleet was destroyed by the
British at the Battle of the Nile.
France now faced a new coalition - Austria and Russia had
allied with Britain. Napoleon returned to Paris where the
government was in crisis. In a coup d'etat in November 1799,
Napoleon became first consul. In 1802, he was made consul
for life and two years later, emperor. He oversaw the centralisation
of government, the creation of the Bank of France, the reinstatement
of Roman Catholicism as the state religion and law reform
with the Code Napoleon.
In 1800, he defeated the Austrians at Marengo. He then negotiated
a general European peace which established French power
on the continent. In 1803 Britain resumed war with France,
later joined by Russia and Austria. Britain inflicted a
naval defeat on the French at Trafalgar (1805) so Napoleon
abandoned plans to invade England and turned on the Austro-Russian
forces, defeating them at Austerlitz later the same year.
He gained much new territory, including annexation of Prussian
lands which ostensibly gave him control of Europe. The Holy
Roman Empire was dissolved, Holland and Westphalia created,
and over the next 5 years, Napoleon's relatives and loyalists
were installed as leaders (in Holland, Westphalia, Italy,
Naples, Spain and Sweden).
In 1810, he had his childless marriage to Josephine de Beauharnais
annulled and married the daughter of the Austrian emperor
in the hope of having an heir. A son, Napoleon, was born
a year later.
The Peninsular War began in 1808. Costly French defeats
over the next five years drained French military resources.
Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 resulted in a disastrous
retreat. The tide started to turn in favour of the allies
and in March 1814, Paris fell. Napoleon went into exile
on the Mediterranean island of Elba. In March 1815 he escaped
and marched on the French capital. The Battle of Waterloo
ended his brief reign. The British imprisoned him on the
remote Atlantic island of St. Helena where he died on 5
May 1821.
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Product
Specification:
Product
Name: The Intellectuals
Model Name: Napoleon
Material: Polyresin
Height : Approx. 3.5"
Width : Approx. 1.0"
Depth : Approx. 1.0"
Finishing: Individually hand-painted |
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